Internal combustion motor



oct. 2o, .19.3.1

C. H. ERICSON INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR 4 Sheets-Sheet l FiLed March 6, 1929 will Oct. 20, l1931-. c. H. ERlcsoN INTERNAL COMBUSTJON MOTO-R Filed Match e. 1929 4 sheets-sheet 2 Oct. 20, 1931. c. H. ERICSON 1,827,938.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR /x "YS il if l M 'Och 20, 1931. C, ErvlsoN 1,827,938

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed March 6, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented ct. j270,

' maar.y H. E arcsn, Aor*'Boeren nnssncnusmrs INTEnNALcoMBUsrroNivioron, i

Appiication med Marche,

. This invention relates toi-improvements in internal combustion motors wherein j an f explosive mixture of 4air and fuel .isf coinpressed in a chamber and ignited to drivefa s piston which is connectedby suitable mechanism to a rotatable shaft.` Motors of lthis type which are used to drive aeroplanes are frequently carried thereby to high altitudes Wheretheatmosphere'is considerably rarea fied. Thus a lesser amount ofair is drawn yinto the explosionchamber so that they com- 1 pression of the charge atthe moment ofiglnitionis less than When-the. motor is operat- .Y

ingjin denser atmosphere; By-my invention,

i5 this may be offset to some extent. by changing the strokeof the'piston While the motor '1 is runningg-v thus 'diminishing4 the minimum volume of the explosion chamber.. `v Ordinarily the ends ofan explosion chamber in van .i f internal combustion motory are formed by the cylinder head andV the piston. .According to my invention a secondV piston is used inkstead of the cylinderhead so thattheminiymum volume ofthe chamber may. befurther .25 regulated byaltering .the stroke of one or both of thepistons.` Another obj ect of the invention is to utilize the pistons as pumps for circulating a cooling liquid, such as air, through the engine so jacket. For this purpose I preferably make thel pistonsshorter thanusualand provide means for keeping the pistons alined in thev n therefrom. y 1 Other advantageous features ofy construction Will be apparent to one skilled inthe art from the disclosure ofthe invention Which follows, and from the'drawings, 'of Which,-

VFigure l is an end elevation of av motor embodying the invention.'

Figure `2`is a side elevation of the same. YFigure 3 vis a Figure 2.

line i-401: Figure 2 VI igure 5 is a fragmnentaryv section of one of the cylinders.

section on the line of .l psu. Figure is a similar section showingfthe ab i929. serial Nogsfieeva l v Working partsinra different position `of'fo-p- @mehr v'i 1 f l A Figure 7 is a side elevation of a, 01E/Way valve used in the Vcooling system `for the nro- .ton' *t5 y vFigure 8 is an end elevation of the same. Figure 9` is a fragmentary section 'on lthe line 9-'9ofFigure`2; Y

Figure 1 0 isa fragmentary section on'the line 10-10 ofFigure 9. 60

Ref rring" tothe dravvings'indetail, Figure's land 2 illustrate an internal combustion motor having a suitable base 2O on Vwhich are. supported a plurality vofcylinders 21,. fourv such cylinders being'included in the eni- 65 fined bytvvo ofthe pistons instead of one asV in usual construction. `Jrournaled 'in thebase 2U is Ja' suitable crankshait'2 to whichare 'connectedfa series'of pitmenr 26; The ipit- .men26 are connected respectively to certain 75 of the vpiston rods 23 as Aby Walking beams ro'c'kably'mounted on axles 27 on either side of the' motor'. In the motor'illustrated, four i pitme'n 26v are provided, two extending tovWard the intake side of the motor and tvvo 80 toward the exhaustside. Of the pair exltending/toWand the intake side, each is concylinders so as to prevent binding against the 'A neo'ted t0 ,a Pall1 0f level" arms '28 Winch.. OCk cylinder Walls and undue Wear; resulting about the axles27, the pair on the exhaust oflarms V29 adjacent thereto as by apkeyA 30 so thatlthe connected arms 28 and 29 together. v90

constitu-te a Walking beamconnecting each" pitinan 2 6`With a' pai-r of piston r'o'ds23.y Y 1 The axles. 27 are-adjustably-mounted for -lat- .eral movement. For this purpose each one is .A q mountedon asuitable supportl vvhichzmay,95 i Flguref 1s a i'ragmentaryk section on the.

slide in a grooveor slot formed in the upper ing villustrated in Figures 9 and 10. The I port 31 mayvb-elprovidedfvvith arl-...adjuste .set screw 32 which serves anabut.-

ment for a block33 which has a bore therethrough to receive an eccentric 34 which is mounted on a shaft 35. `By rotating the eccentric 34, the block 33 may be moved in or out, thus moving the support 3l with the axle v27 inwardly or permitting outward movement of the axleb'y pressure of a suitable spring 36. In order to rotatetheeccentric will be increased. e The explosive'mixture shaft 35, I may use any convenient and suit-- able mechanism. As shown, I have providedr a sprocket wheel 37 fixed to an end thereof, this sprocket wheel being connectedas chain 38`to a smaller sprocket wheel 39. The sprocket wheel 39, as shown, is provided with a hexagonal head 40 by which the wheel may be turned with a key-wrench or other suitable tool. `I may, however, use a crank handle or any other suitable mechanical,I equivalentfor this purpose. EachV of the axles 27 may be independently shifted by the rotation of the corresponding sprocket` wheel 39. I may,

however, connect the two'sprocket wheels 39 for simultaneous rotation `by suitable v'to an intake manifold 42. Each cylinder communicates with an intakezmanifold as by e a branch pipe 43 leading from the manifold by lan intake valve 44. Opposed to each valve 44.is an exhaust valve 45'which permits the escape of spent gases to a suitable through a valve opening which is controlled pipe 46 into an exhaust manifold 47. Between Veach pair of valves 44, 45 isa small chamber 48 communicating as by a suitable passage 49 withthe explosion chamber 50, the chamber 48 and passage 49'thus being virtually a part of the` explosion chamber. In Y anysuitable location,"such as the passage 49,

e I insert a spark pluglrby which the explosive mixture under. compression may be fired. The' spark plugs 51, as shown in` Figure 2,

may be connected to a suitable conmiutator' 52 in a manner well known to the art, the

(commutator being Vcontrolled by avsuitable lever 53. Adjacent to the commutatorl52 EI may also mounta suitable throttle 54-v to I control the carburetor 41. rlhe valves 44 and 45 [may be operated by any suitable mechanism such as that illustratedvin Figure'4.V As shown,acam shaft 55 may be driven from the crankshaft 25a-s by suitable miter gears 56, 57'connected by aj'shaft 58; The gears by a `l `may" be lfork ystem ofthe valvewhich' it operates. This `fork may be pressed against a collaru7()` suitably secured as by a pin 71 to the'valve stem.

57 are preferably in a ratio 1:2, so that the cam shaft 55 rotates at one-half the speed of the crank shaft 25. Mounted on the cam shaft 55 are a number of cams 59 which engage cam followers 60 so as to open the intake valves 44 at the proper times. The cam shaft also carries cams 61" which engage cam followers 62, Vthus controllingthe operation ofthe exhaust valves 45. The mechanical 4connecting means between the cam followers and their 'respectivevalves is illustrated in '.'Figure 4. Asshown, each cam follower comprises a roller carried by a slide 63. The slide also carries a set screw 64 Vwhich is adjustable in the slide and .which includes an abutting lface 65against which -is pressed 'the end 66 of a rock lever'67, pivotally mountedjas at 68. The opposite Yend ofthe lever 67 shaped as at 69 to Vstraddle a vIf preferred, the 'valve stem itself'may be provided with areduced `portion having a shoulderagainstwhich the fork 69 may rest. A bracket 72 extends outwardly from the motor casing beyondthe fork 69. vA=valve` spring 7 3k is provided on the portion of the valve stem extending outwardly beyond the bracket 7 2,' thislspring being compressed beltween a face of the bracket 72 and a suitable washer 74,mounted on the'end portion ofV the valve stem and heldthereon as by a nut 75. This valve' spring tends to close ythe *valvei yAsl the cam shaft 55v rota-tes, the :cams thereon engage their respective-cam followers at suitable times, moving the slides 63 `outwardly so` that the levers 67 are rocked,

Vpushing against the collars 7 O, andcpening the valves against the Vpres'sureofthe valve springs 73. f 1 1 `In order to ensure efficient cooling of the motor, I provide means for circulating a. cool` ing fluid through the passages 76 whichare 4formedfby suitable jackets 77rv surrounding the cylinders.4 `The coolingfluid Ywhich may `be atmospheric air, 'may `be 1 circulated through the passagesA 7 6 Vby the Vpumping action ofthe .pistons 22. `As shown in VFigure 4, the explosion chamber in each cylinder is located between theconfronting faces of each pair of pistons 22. The opposite facesof the pistons are utilized to pump air Vorother cooling fluid into the chamber formed by the pistonandthe corresponding cylinder head 24,`

one-way valves 78 and 79 being" provided to ensure the circulation vmovement of the cooling fluid through thep/assages 7 6, Thevalves 78 admit atmospheric air or other cooling fluid to the pumping chamberj within the` cylinder. The valve 7 9admits air from the Vpumping chamber directly'linto jthe' passage l 7 6." Thev'alves 78 and79 may belof similar construction as illustrated in`Figures 7 and 8.

lAs'therein shown, each valve may' comprisev a; cylinder 80 havingrelatively large por-` `the ifulorum vtransversely of said" walking tlons of the side walls out away to provide beam, during the operation of. the motor f suitable ports. The valve member itself may comprise a flat plate 8l hinged on a shaftAv 82 which may be journaled in the end portions 83 of the cylinder 80. A suitable spring 84 may be provided to hold'the'valve resil- -whereby the stroke of the piston is altered.

In testimony whereof have afiixed my' CARLl ERrosoN.

yiently closed, lthis spring being preferably- Va convenient method of g chamber tight, but

cylinder.

light so that the valve'may be easily opened by, a small increase of pressure on the'inlet side t-hereof. The operation of the valves'in connection with the reclprocation of the pis ton 22 is illustrated in Figures 5 and y6. In the former ligure,

cooling fluid through the valve 78, the valve 79 being closed at this'time to prevent sucthepiston is'shown as mov.- f ying toward the right andthus sucking in the tion of fluid from the passage 76. In Figure 6 thepistonis v left, this resulting in forcing of the air in the pump chamber through the valve 79 into iie v a time to prevent the escape of air from the passage 76, the lvalve 78 being closed at chamber therethrough. "Thus each piston 1s used as a pump to circulate cooling Huid through the passages surrounding its cylinder. e The cooling medium, heat from the wall of the cylinders,may be exhausted through any convenient vvent as the exhaust pipe 85.V

In order to provide atight pumping cham' ber for the circulationy of cooling fluid, I may moving as shown toward thev after taking up attach to the piston 22 a tubular guide member 86 which is in closely fitted sliding engagement with an aperture 87 through the Y cylinder 24. rlhe piston rod 23 extends loose` v ly through the tube 86 and may be pivotally connected to the piston 22 as b-y a ball and socket joint 87 or by any mechanical equivalent thereof. The tube 86 not only provides the piston 22 properly alined within 'the As I preferably make the piston relatively short in order to afford the maximumpumping chamber,

- is of especial value in resisting torsional stresses which might otherwise tend to cause keeping the pumping e l also serves to maintain this guiding tube 86 Y the piston to bind in the cylinder and wear the walls of the cylinder unduly.

Having thusA described an embodiment of 7^ this invention, it should be evidentfto those skilled in the art thatvarious changes and modifications might be made therein without departingfrom its spirit or scope as define by the appended claim.V

Y I claim: V l

In an internal combustion motor, a piston rod reciprocable therewith, a crank shaft, a pitman connected to said crank shaft,

a piston,

a walking beam having its ends pivotally attached respectively to saidpiston r od and pitman andxhaving a fulcrum atffixeddis- I tances from said ends, and means for shifting 

